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Robert A Mosher (he/him)'s avatar

After 1914, possibly the greatest failure of the nations of Europe (plus the United States) was failing to help the Spanish Republic.

Judith L Hubbard's avatar

Will return to this in more detail, as time permits. Both fascinating and horrifying. Such an expansive and thorough review. I wondered if Gellhorn would appear and so she did. Did your reading include Hemingway as well, his great interest in this conflict? How I can engage in any study of societal failure on the very day Trump made a fool of himself and our Democratic experiment in DAVOS;

the ultimate 🍑🤡. My heart 💔 is broken entirely at what is happening in the United States of America today. We were never perfect to be sure; but most aspired to a better life for all. What follows remains to be seen. Thank you for this! ❤️🕊️🥰

Morgaan Sinclair, Ph.D.'s avatar

Yes, I've read a lot about Hemingway, and there are two must-see filmic treatments: One is the mini-series HEMINGWAY & GELLHORN, and the other is a documentary about Hemingway and his best friend Gary Cooper called COOPER AND HEMINGWAY: THE TRUE GEN. Hemingway was amazing in Spain. He was also, in his early life, obsessed with his own masculinity, which seems to be both robust and fragile. Yet, when people call Hemingway a misogynist, they forget that that all the major women figures in his life--his first wife Hadley, the arrogant and bitchy and ball-clipping Pauline, the brilliant Gellhorn, and Mary, his last wife, who was first war a correspondent and then his very doting wife--were extremely strong women. They also forget that his women characters had enormous range, especially Pilar, the Spanish woman who is part superstitious mystic and a brilliant and powerful female guerilla unit commander who stands down multiple blustering men to make sure the job gets done while cooking stews. Hemingway named his famous boat after this character. Toward the end of his life, Hemingway was really deeply studying his masculinity and making some incredibly perceptive statements about it. But the genetic depression that killed Margaux Hemingway took him first. And Mary made the huge mistake of letting the Mayo Clinic give him electroshock therapy, after which he couldn't write a sentence (see The True Gen on that). I share thee opinion of a whole bunch of women Hemingway scholars that Hemingway, though a blustering and often adolescent man about his masculinity, was, at the end of the day, nobody's misogynist. He was brilliant. And for me he will always be beautiful.

Wilhelm's avatar

Perhaps it took root because the communists was slaughtering priests, monks and nuns?